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Pharmacological action:
Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic effective against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,rickettsias,and chlamydias.It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic.Chloramphenicol is active when given orally and diffuses into the cerebrospinal fluid even when the meninges are not inflamed.The majority of a dose is inactivated in the liver,only a small proportion appearing unchanged in the urine.
Indications:
Typhold fever and other types of systemic salmonella infections.The carrier state will not be eliminated.Bacterial meningitis due to haemophilus influenzae.Anaerobic infections originating from foci in the bowel peivis.Rickettsial diseases such as epidemic,murine,scrub and recrudescent typhus.Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Q.fever when tetracyclines are not indicated.
Brucellosis when tetracyclines are contra-indicated.
The use of chloramphenicol should be limited to serious infections where positive bacteriological evidence and clinical judgement indicates that chloramohenicol is an appropriate antibiotic.
Contra-indications:
Chloramphenicol in contra-indicated in the following conditions:
1. patients with a history of hypersensitivity or toxic reactions.
2. for minor infections or for prophylaxis.
3.aplastic anaemia.
4.during active immunisation.
Chloramphenicol Capsules